2 Kharub - Abdulaziz and Muhammad III

This issue falls within Tunisia's dual-sovereignty coinage period, when the Husainid beys ruled as nominally autonomous vassals under Ottoman suzerainty — a political arrangement that required both the local bey's name and the Ottoman sultan's to appear on official coinage. Abdulaziz was sultan in Constantinople while Muhammad III al-Sadiq governed Tunis, and the pairing on copper fractions like this one reflects the careful diplomatic balance the beys maintained to preserve what independence they still held.

France would establish its protectorate over Tunisia just eight years later, in 1881, rendering this among the last coinage series produced under that dual-authority formula.