Catalog
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| Issuer | Spanish Monarchy |
|---|---|
| Year | 1791-1808 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | The quartered royal arms of Spain, featuring castles and lions in the first and fourth quarters, with the fleur-de-lis of the Bourbon dynasty in the central escutcheon, surmounted by the royal crown. The shield is flanked on either side by the denomination numerals '2' and 'S' (for escudos), and is encircled by a laurel and olive wreath tied at the base with a bow. The mint mark and assayer initials appear below the wreath. The circular legend IN UTROQ FELIX AUSPICE DEO surrounds the entire design within a finely toothed border. |
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| Additional information |
Charles IV inherited the throne in 1788, just months before the French Revolution destabilized every monarchy in Europe. Spanish gold coinage of his reign was minted continuously across multiple assay offices — Madrid, Seville, Mexico City, Lima, Popayán, and others — each producing subtly distinct pieces under the same royal authorization. The assayer's initials punched into each piece remain the primary tool for attributing individual specimens to their mint of origin.
Production continued until 1808, when Napoleon forced Charles to abdicate in favor of Joseph Bonaparte at Bayonne.