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2 Ducats - Frederick II
| Issuer | Duchy of Mantua |
|---|---|
| Year | 1523-1540 |
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| Currency | Scudo |
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| Obverse description | Bare-headed bust of Frederick II, Marquess of Mantua, facing left, rendered in the Renaissance portrait style with curly hair and naturalistic features. The bust is centered in the field within a beaded inner border. The circumscribed Latin legend reads FEDERICVS II M MANTVAE IIIII, identifying the ruler as Frederick II, fifth Marquess of Mantua. The portrait displays fine detail in the hair and facial modeling, characteristic of early sixteenth-century Italian die-engraving. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | FEDERICVS ⬩ II ⬩ M⬩ MANTVAE⬩ IIIII (Translation: Frederick II, fifth Marquess of Mantova) |
| Reverse description | The reverse depicts a large truncated conical mound or tor — interpreted as the Gonzaga impresa of a rocky mount or olivella — rising from a rocky base and flanked symmetrically by two leafy trees or shrubs, set against an open field. The legend FIDES (Faith) is boldly inscribed in capital letters in the upper field above the central device, serving as the dynastic motto. The composition is characteristic of Italian Renaissance emblematic imagery, combining the personal impresa of the Gonzaga lords with a statement of political and personal virtue. |
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