2 Ducats - Ferdinandus II bust left

Ferdinand II's assumption of the Aragonese crown in 1479 unified Castile and Aragon under the Catholic Monarchs, but Valencia retained its own monetary system and minting privileges under the Crown of Aragon framework. This two-ducat piece was struck under that arrangement, with the Valencian mint operating with a degree of institutional independence that the kingdom's charters — its furs — had long protected. The Spanish Inquisition was formally established in Valencia in 1484, partly as a centralizing instrument, yet the coinage remained distinctly Valencian in authority.