2 Ducats - Anselm Casimir Wamboldt of Umstadt

Anselm Casimir Wamboldt von Umstadt became Archbishop-Elector of Mainz in 1629, inheriting a territory already being torn apart by the Thirty Years' War. By 1631, Swedish forces under Gustav Adolf had sacked and largely destroyed the city of Mainz itself, forcing the archbishop into exile. This coin dates to the final decade of his reign — a period of grinding military occupation, displaced populations, and severely disrupted ecclesiastical administration. That any gold of this quality was struck at all in 1638 reflects the mint's intermittent function under extraordinary duress.