2 Doppie - Filippo Spinola

Tassarolo was among the smallest and most obscure of the northern Italian feudal lordships — a Genoese client territory whose coinage rights derived from imperial grant rather than any meaningful economic independence. The Spinola family, deeply embedded in Genoese banking and Spanish imperial finance, used issues like this one partly to assert jurisdictional standing. A 13-gram gold piece from a territory of Tassarolo's size was never about commerce.

Filippo Spinola's five-year emission window is tight enough that die-linked specimens have helped scholars sequence the series. Fr#1183 examples surface rarely at auction, typically from old Italian collections rather than the northern European trade.