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2 Dinar - Jalal ad-Din Mangubarni
| Issuer | Khwarezmian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 1223 |
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| Currency | Dinar (1077-1231) |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears the Shahada in Arabic kufic-style script: 'La ilaha illa Allah / Muhammad rasul Allah' (There is no god but Allah / Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah), followed by the Abbasid caliph's honorific 'al-Nasir li-din Allah / amir al-mu'minin' (the Victorious for the Religion of Allah / Commander of the Faithful). The marginal legend contains a portion of Quranic verse from Surah IX (al-Tawba), verse 33, reading 'He is the one who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religions, even if the polytheists dislike it.' The script is arranged in concentric registers typical of Islamic hammered gold coinage of the early 13th century. |
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| Mintage | 620 (1223) |
| Additional information |
Jalal ad-Din Mangubarni struck coinage under extraordinary duress. By 1223, the Khwarezmian Empire had effectively ceased to exist as a territorial state — Genghis Khan's campaigns of 1219–1221 had destroyed Samarkand, Bukhara, and Urgench, and Jalal ad-Din was ruling as a fugitive shah, reconstituting forces wherever he could find footing, primarily in northwestern Persia and the Caucasus region. Coinage was a declaration of legitimacy as much as a financial instrument.
That a gold issue of this weight was produced at all in 1223 is the notable fact. Mint attribution for Jalal ad-Din's issues remains contested among specialists, with Georgia and Azerbaijan both proposed as striking locations during his temporary consolidation there.