2 deniers denari - Antoine I

Antoine I ruled Monaco under French suzerainty, and his coinage reflects the awkward monetary position of a tiny principality obliged to align its issues with French monetary ordinances while maintaining the fiction of independent minting rights. The billon deniers of his reign circulated alongside — and were frequently confused with — the debased French petite monnaie of the same period, which made them functionally interchangeable in local markets despite their distinct origin.

Gadoury MC81 is not a common attribution in trade, and surviving examples are typically heavily worn, suggesting these saw genuine daily use rather than hoarding.