2 Denars - Sigismund II Augustus Wilno mint

Sigismund II Augustus ruled the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as the last Jagiellonian monarch, and his denar and denar-related coinage from Wilno reflects a period of acute monetary stress — the mid-16th century saw chronic silver shortages across the region, driving the billon content of small denominations progressively lower throughout his reign. The Kop. 3223–3231 range covers multiple die varieties struck across roughly two decades, and distinguishing them requires attention to the punctuation and arrangement of the mint signature rather than anything more dramatic.