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1/4 Karshapana

Issuer Shunga Empire
Year 105 BC - 55 BC
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Value 1/4 Karshapana
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Reverse description Reverse of this irregular square hammered copper flan displays a punch-marked depiction of an animal, most likely a horse or bull, shown in profile facing right, executed in the schematic punch-mark tradition typical of Shunga Empire coinage. The animal figure occupies the central field and is rendered with a broad, rounded body and discernible limbs. A raised linear border element is visible along the lower register of the flan. The field is otherwise plain and devoid of any inscription or secondary symbols.
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Mintage ND (105 BC - 55 BC)
Additional information

The Shungas came to power when Pushyamitra Shunga, a Brahmin general, assassinated the last Mauryan emperor Brihadratha during a military parade around 185 BC — a dynasty born in a moment of extraordinary violence. By the time these quarter-karshapana fractions were being struck, roughly a century later, the empire had fragmented significantly, with regional governors and tributary kingdoms operating with increasing autonomy. Attribution of specific issues to the Shunga center versus peripheral authorities remains genuinely unresolved in the scholarship.

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