Catalog
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| Issuer | Portuguese Crown (for Brazil) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1663 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Mintage | 1663: ND (1663) |
| Additional information |
Following Portugal's restoration of independence from Spain in 1640, the new Braganza regime faced chronic silver shortages in Brazil and lacked the infrastructure to strike fresh colonial coinage quickly. The solution was brutal in its pragmatism: existing Spanish colonial reales and worn Portuguese tostões were countermarked and revalued, forcing currency into circulation by royal decree rather than by minting it. João IV's 1663 countermark program was among several such emergency measures applied to whatever silver was already in Brazilian hands.
The wide weight range on surviving examples reflects exactly this — the host coins are not uniform, and authentication hinges on the countermark punch itself rather than the planchet.