120 Grana - Ferdinando II 4th portrait

Historical Context: This 120 Grana silver coin, issued between 1851 and 1859, represents the final decade of the independent Kingdom of the Two Sicilies under Ferdinando II. Reigning from 1830, Ferdinando II was a staunch conservative monarch, resisting the burgeoning liberal and unification movements sweeping the Italian peninsula. His reign, while marked by some internal development, was increasingly characterized by political repression and isolation. This substantial denomination was a cornerstone of the kingdom's monetary system, reflecting its economic standing and the sovereign's authority during a period of intense geopolitical flux preceding the Risorgimento.

Artistry: The obverse features the dignified fourth portrait of Ferdinando II, facing right, a mature depiction of the monarch that evolved through his coinage. While the specific engraver for this later portrait is not definitively attributed in all references, it falls within the established Neapolitan numismatic school of the era, likely influenced by masters like Giuseppe Garbetta or Luigi Arnaud. The style is distinctly Neoclassical, emphasizing regal formality and idealized realism, typical of 19th-century European monarchical portraiture. The reverse proudly displays the crowned coat of arms of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, encircled by the denomination and date, embodying the dynastic heritage and state power.

Technical/Grading: Struck in .833 fine silver with a significant weight of 27.53 grams and a diameter of 37 mm, this 120 Grana coin is a substantial piece. Key high-points for grading the obverse include the hair above the ear, the ear itself, the cheekbone, and the highest folds of the monarch's collar. On the reverse, details within the crown, the intricate elements of the coat of arms (such as the fleur-de-lis, lion, and horse), and the mantle are crucial for assessing strike quality. While generally well-struck, minor weakness can occasionally be observed in the finer hair details or the heraldic elements. Full cartwheel luster is present on uncirculated examples, though bag marks are common due to the coin's large size and weight.