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12 Zhu Yong Tong Wan Guo
| Issuer | Northern Zhou Dynasty |
|---|---|
| Year | 579 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Cast bronze cash coin with a central square perforation framed by a raised square rim. Four Chinese characters in seal script (篆書) are disposed in cruciform arrangement around the central aperture, reading clockwise from top: 永 (yǒng), 通 (tōng), 萬 (wàn), 國 (guó), forming the legend 永通萬國 — 'Everlasting Circulation in Ten Thousand Kingdoms'. The characters are bold and deeply cast in relief, exhibiting the refined calligraphic style characteristic of Northern Zhou monetary issues. The field between the square boss and the outer raised rim is broad and flat, with the coin displaying an overall patina of green and reddish-brown corrosion consistent with its antiquity. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | 永通萬國 (Translation: Everlasting Circulation in Ten Thousand Kingdoms) |
| Reverse description | Plain reverse displaying a broad, flat field with a raised square rim surrounding the central square perforation. No inscriptions, symbols, or decorative elements are present. The surface exhibits a heavily encrusted patina of green verdigris and earthen deposits, consistent with the cast bronze fabric and long burial or circulation history typical of Six Dynasties period cash coinage. |
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