1/2 Shatamana

The Kuntala republic occupied the region of modern northern Karnataka, and its punch-marked coinage belongs to the broader tradition of janapada issues — coins struck by the independent tribal republics and kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent before Mauryan consolidation swept most of them into monetary obsolescence. The half-shatamana denomination implies a weight standard anchored to the shatamana unit, itself related to the rattī seed as a base measure.

Few attributions in this series are settled with certainty; "Kuntala" as an issuing authority rests on regional hoards rather than inscriptional confirmation.