12 Pfennig - Frederick William of Brandenburg

Ravensberg passed to Brandenburg in 1614 through the inheritance of John Sigismund, but it took the Great Elector Frederick William decades to consolidate practical administrative control over the county's affairs. These copper issues belong to the period when he was actively standardizing coinage across his scattered Westphalian territories following the disruptions of the Thirty Years' War. Copper small denomination output from Ravensberg is sparsely documented, and the extended date range of this type suggests intermittent rather than continuous production across the mint's operation.