12 Mark 12 Bauschen

Aachen's complex local accounting system produced denominations like this that existed primarily as money of account, bridging the city's traditional Bauschen-based reckoning with the broader imperial monetary framework. As a Free Imperial City, Aachen maintained jealously guarded minting rights long after smaller territories had surrendered theirs — the extended production window here reflects that institutional stubbornness rather than any particular commercial demand.

Menadier's work on Aachen coinage remains the authoritative reference for die attribution within this type, and the spread across Krum and MB suggests at least minor varieties exist within the 1657–1705 run.