12 Kreuzers Kipper

发行方	Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Principality of
年份	1621
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制作工艺	Hammered
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背面描述	Double-headed imperial eagle displayed, with wings spread, bearing a circular orb on its breast containing the numeral 12 denoting the coin's value in Kreuzers. A Latin legend surrounds the eagle within the beaded border, incorporating the date 1621 and the titles of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II: FER :II: D.G. R I S A 1621. The flan shows typical irregularities of the Kipper period hammered coinage.
背面文字	Latin
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附加信息	This piece belongs to the Kipper- und Wipperzeit, the catastrophic currency debasement crisis that swept the Holy Roman Empire between roughly 1619 and 1623. Princes, cities, and minor lords competed to mint the most debased coinage possible — melting sound currency, extracting the silver, and reissuing it at fraudulently inflated face values. Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel participated aggressively. The 12 Kreuzer denomination was a workhorse of this inflationary moment, circulating briefly before recipients realized its true metal content and rejected it. The crisis collapsed under its own weight by 1623 when markets simply refused the coins.

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