12 Kreutzers

Fribourg struck this issue during one of the most disruptive decades the Swiss Confederation had seen since the Burgundian Wars — the Thirty Years' War was reshaping trade routes, disrupting silver supplies from the German mining regions, and forcing cantonal authorities to mint locally rather than rely on imperial coinage that was increasingly debased or simply absent from circulation. The 12 Kreutzer denomination was a practical response to real monetary gaps, not ceremonial production.

The HMZ 1#2-267d reference places this among a tightly documented run of Fribourg municipal issues, with the Divo/Tobiassen catalogue confirming the type's relatively narrow date range.