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1/2 Karshapana - Saurasena Janapada

发行方 Surasena Kingdom
年份 400 BC - 300 BC
类型 Standard circulation coin
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正面描述 Punch-marked obverse displaying a central elongated oval symbol, likely a fish or abstract device, flanked by additional punched symbols including geometric and linear marks distributed across the flat silver field. The surface bears the characteristic irregular texture of a hand-cut and punch-marked flan, with symbols applied by individual die punches. The design is rendered in the schematic, non-pictorial style typical of early Indian janapada coinage of the 4th–3rd century BC.
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背面描述 Plain, uninscribed reverse with a smooth to lightly textured flat surface, showing no deliberate punch-marked devices. The irregular rectangular flan edges are visible, characteristic of the cut-silver technique employed by the Saurasena janapada. The surface retains natural die-flow marks consistent with hand-hammered production methods.
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附加信息

The Surasena janapada, centered on Mathura along the Yamuna, was among the sixteen mahajanapadas documented in early Buddhist and Jain texts. By the time this fractional piece was struck, the kingdom was already losing political ground to the expanding Magadha empire under the Nanda dynasty. Punch-marked silver of this region is notoriously difficult to attribute with precision — the punches themselves, applied by hammer across a cut blank, were used by multiple issuing authorities and frequently reused across generations.

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