1/2 As Without caduceus

Cast rather than struck, this heavy aes grave piece belongs to a group of pre-Roman bronze issues whose precise municipal origin remains unresolved — the "uncertain city" attribution reflects genuine scholarly disagreement, not simply missing provenance. The absence of the caduceus distinguishes it from related half-as types in the same series, a variation that has generated competing theories about sequential emission or parallel production across different central Italian centers. At over 150 grams, these pieces circulated in an economy where bronze was weighed, not counted.