1/2 As Club series

Volaterrae — modern Volterra — was among the northernmost Etruscan cities to adopt the Roman aes grave system, and its club series issues occupy an awkward transitional moment: struck when Roman political dominance over Etruria was consolidating rapidly following the Third Samnite War and the pacification campaigns of the preceding decades. Whether this series reflects civic monetary independence or a supervised accommodation to Roman weight standards remains debated.

At roughly 64 grams, this half-as sits measurably below the theoretical Etruscan libral standard, suggesting the series was struck into a period of deliberate weight reduction already underway across central Italian bronze coinage.