Æ11 - Aretas IV and Shaqilath Petra

Aretas IV ruled the Nabataean Kingdom for nearly five decades — one of the longest reigns in its history — and his coinage consistently paired him with his queen, an unusual practice that reflected genuine co-regency rather than mere ceremonial acknowledgment. Shaqilath I appears on issues throughout his reign; Shaqilath II, likely his daughter, appears on later ones. The distinction matters for dating individual pieces within the broad 9 BC–40 AD window.

Aretas IV is the same king referenced in 2 Corinthians 11:32, whose governor in Damascus sought to arrest Paul.