100 Schilling Herzog Rudolf IV

Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, was a determined forger — literally. In 1358 he fabricated the Privilegium Maius, a set of documents granting Austria privileges far beyond what Emperor Charles IV had actually conferred, including the title of Archduke. Charles had the documents examined by Petrarch, who identified them as fraudulent. Rudolf died in 1365 at twenty-six, but the forged privileges were eventually authenticated and confirmed by Frederick III in 1453, nearly a century after the fact.

Rudolf also founded the University of Vienna in 1365, the second-oldest in the German-speaking world.