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100 Reales de Vellón Banco de Santander

Issuer Banco de Santander
Year 1857
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Composition Paper
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Obverse description Central oval vignette with a tall lighthouse flanked by two sailing vessels, framed within an ornate letterpress border of foliate and berry motifs with the denomination numerals 100 at lower left and right corners and SERIE A at upper corners. The bank title BANCO DE SANTANDER arcs across the top of the vignette in bold lettering, with two scroll cartouches bearing the hand-stamped serial number on either side. The payment promise in italic script runs across the centre of the note, with four signature lines for El Comisario Régio, El Director-Gerente, El Presidente de la Junta, and El Cajero, and a small oval denomination tablet reading Rv.on 100 at centre.
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Reverse description Reverse is unprinted, with plain pale green paper stock showing fold lines and the natural texture of the note's paper composition.
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Comments

The Banco de Santander was one of a wave of regional Spanish banks licensed under the 1856 banking law, which briefly permitted provincial institutions to issue their own notes — a window that slammed shut with the 1874 reforms centralizing currency authority under the Banco de España. This note predates that consolidation by nearly two decades, placing it among the earliest issues from a bank that would eventually survive into the modern era under a very different form.

Reales de vellón, the denomination unit used here, were already an anachronism by 1857, shortly before Spain's 1868 monetary reform introduced the escudo and later the peseta. Notes denominated in vellón from this period are inherently short-lived artifacts of a transitional monetary system.

Provincial issues from this era were printed in very limited runs and rarely left the local economy.

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