100 Pa'anga - George Tupou V London 2012 Olympics

Tonga issued a wave of Olympic-themed gold pieces ahead of London 2012, capitalizing on its IOC membership and the commercial commemorative market that had expanded sharply after the Sydney 2000 cycle. George Tupou V, who had formally ceded most of his absolute powers in the 2010 constitutional reforms, died in March 2012 — before the Games he nominally sponsored on this coin ever took place.

The .585 fineness is a deliberate commercial choice, keeping gold content just below the .999 threshold favored by bullion buyers while reducing production cost on a low-mintage souvenir issue.