100 Dollars

Hoyer & Ludwig were a Richmond lithographic firm with no prior banknote experience — the Confederate Treasury turned to them out of sheer necessity in 1861, when established Northern security printers were obviously unavailable. The results were competent lithography by commercial standards, but far below the intaglio work that had characterized U.S. federal issues, and contemporary counterfeiters had little difficulty producing passable imitations.

The Confederacy issued so many overlapping $100 types in 1861 alone that Pick's numbering barely scratches the surface of the plate and signature varieties. Cotton paper was sourced domestically, but supply was inconsistent, and paper quality varies considerably across surviving examples of this series.