100 000 000 Mark Kreis und Stadt Kreuznach

Kreuznach's joint district-and-city issue at 100 million marks puts this note squarely in the August–September 1923 window, when German municipal and regional authorities were printing emergency currency faster than the Reichsbank could supply it. The Kreis and Stadt issuing jointly rather than separately was a practical administrative shortcut — two authorities, one print run, shared liability that was essentially meaningless given the rate at which the denomination itself was becoming obsolete.

The embossed seal was the authenticating device of choice for smaller issuers who lacked access to more sophisticated security printing. By the time notes like this reached circulation, 100 million marks bought roughly what a few pfennigs had bought three years earlier.