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10 Yuan Bank of China
| Issuer | Bank of China |
|---|---|
| Year | 1919 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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| Obverse description | Central oval vignette of a traditional Chinese temple gateway (pailou) framed by elaborate foliate scrollwork. The denomination 拾圓 appears in large Chinese characters on both left and right panels, with the bank title 中國銀行 across the top. Red seal impressions and branch designations for Harbin, Manchuria (哈爾濱 東三省) are printed in the lower portion, with the Republican era date along the bottom margin. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Uniformly printed in red on a light green ground, the reverse centres on a large lathe-work guilloche medallion enclosing the bold letterpress legend TEN YUAN. The bank title BANK OF CHINA arches across the top within a decorative border of interlocking guilloche rosettes, and the branch overprint HARBIN MANCHURIA appears in the lower centre between two manuscript signatures. The serial number is printed in red at the foot. |
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| Comments |
The Bank of China's 1919 issues emerged from a politically awkward moment: the bank had been reorganized in 1912 as the Republic of China's central institution, yet by 1919 it was operating amid warlord fragmentation and competing regional authorities that made national monetary policy largely theoretical. Notes of this series were issued across multiple branches — Shanghai, Peking, Tientsin, Harbin among them — each branch controlling its own overprints, making Pick 60 a broad designation that covers considerable variation in actual issuing office.
Branch-specific examples command meaningfully different premiums. A Harbin-issued note tells a different circulation story than a Shanghai one.