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10 Réis - Carlos I
| Issuer | Casa da Moeda, Portugal |
|---|---|
| Year | 1891-1892 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Bare-headed right-facing effigy of King Carlos I of Portugal, rendered in high relief with naturalistic detail to the hair and facial features. The truncation of the bust is cleanly cut at the neck, with the engraver's signature ALVES inscribed below. A beaded inner border frames the design, with the circular legend CARLOS I REI DE PORTUGAL running along the upper periphery. The date appears in large numerals at the base of the coin, flanked by two raised dots. The overall style reflects the academic realism characteristic of late 19th-century Portuguese royal portraiture. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | CARLOS I REI DE PORTUGAL ALVES · 1891 · |
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| Additional information |
Carlos I ascended to the Portuguese throne in October 1889, and these early bronze issues of his reign were struck against a backdrop of acute fiscal deterioration — Portugal would formally declare bankruptcy in May 1892, the first sovereign default of the modern European era. The timing is not incidental. Currency reform discussions were already circulating within the government during the minting of this very issue.
Gomes attributes only two die varieties to this type across the two-year production window.