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10 Mark/Marok West Russian Volunteer Army
| Issuer | West Russian Volunteer Army (Freiwillige Westarmee) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1919 |
| Type | Local banknote |
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| Obverse description | The obverse is printed in black on pale paper with a light underprint, centred on the Imperial Russian double-headed eagle coat of arms flanked by large ornate numeral '10' vignettes at left and right. A curved Cyrillic heading arches across the top, with the serial number in the upper right corner. Below the eagle, the denomination in Cyrillic bold lettering spans the width of the note, followed by the issuing authority and date. Two columns of text occupy the lower half, separated by a bold Iron Cross device, above which appear two manuscript signatures with their respective title lines and an official stamp at lower left. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | ВРЕМЕННЫЙ РАЗМЕННЫЙ ЗНАКЪ 10 ДЕСЯТЬ МАРОКЪ ЗАПАДНОЙ ДОБРОВОЛЬЧЕСКОЙ АРМIИ · МИТАВА 10 · ОКТ · 1919 · Командующiй Западной Добровольческой Армiей Начальникъ Отдѣла Государственнаго Хозяйства при Армiи ПОЛКОВНИКЪ Авалов-Бермондтъ Зти размѣнные знаки обезпечиваются всѣмъ достояниемъ Западной добровольческой армiи, имѣютъ хожденiе на территорiи занятой армiей какъ законное средство платежа, исъ 1 апрѣля 1920 свободно размѣниваются въ арм·казначействахъ на марки или на равноцѣнную рублевую валюту За поддѣлку сихъ размѣнныхъ знаковъ виновные подвергаются строгому наказанiю |
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The West Russian Volunteer Army — a German-officered force operating in the Baltic under Colonel Bermondt-Avalov — issued this note during its brief, chaotic campaign in late 1919. The dual-currency denomination, Mark and Marok, reflects an attempt to claim legitimacy across two linguistic communities: German-speaking Baltic Germans and the local Latvian population the army was ostensibly helping liberate from Bolshevism, but in practice was terrorizing.
Printed in Mitau while Latvian national forces were actively fighting to expel Bermondt-Avalov's troops, these notes had almost no acceptance. The army collapsed by December 1919, and the currency with it.