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10 Cents 'Fractional Currency' - 4th series

发行方 United States Treasury
年份 1863
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印刷机构 American Bank Note Company, New York, United States
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正面描述 At left, an intaglio-engraved bust vignette of Liberty faces three-quarters right, rendered in fine line engraving against a stippled background, wearing a laurel-wreathed helmet and classical armour. To the right, bold letterpress text reads 'UNITED STATES' and 'TEN CENTS' over a red guilloche underprint, with the numeral '10' in an oval cartouche at upper right. The lower border carries the panel inscription 'FRACTIONAL CURRENCY', and facsimile signatures of the Register and Treasurer are printed across the centre field.
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背面描述 Printed entirely in green, the reverse is covered by an elaborate symmetrical pattern of interlocking lathe-work and geometric guilloche rosettes across the full field. Large numeral '10' counters appear at left and right within ornate scroll frames, with 'TEN' at the upper corners and 'CENTS' at the lower corners, while a Roman numeral 'X' is worked into the guilloche at centre. The central panel carries the redemption and receivability text in formal letterpress typeset, with the printer's imprint at the foot.
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The Fractional Currency program was a direct response to the wholesale hoarding of coins that began almost immediately after the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. With silver and even copper disappearing from circulation, small transactions became nearly impossible, and private postage stamp scrip — hastily improvised, increasingly filthy, and prone to disintegrating in pockets — became the embarrassing stopgap before Congress formalized the fractional note series.

The fourth series introduced the Treasury seal in pink or red, partly as an anti-counterfeiting measure. Genuine specimens frequently show ink smearing on the seal, a known press registration issue consistent across this run from the American Bank Note Company.

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