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| 正面描述 | The obverse carries a central vignette of a portrait to the right, identified as Francesc Macià (1859–1933), former President of the Generalitat de Catalunya, set against a light guilloche underprint. Surrounding text inscriptions identify the issuing municipality and the nature of the bond, with a simple ruled perimeter border framing the design. |
|---|---|
| 正面铭文 | AJUNTAMENT D'ESPLUGA CALVA BON DEU CENTIMS CONTRA LA CAIXA MUNICIPAL (Translation: City Council of Espluga Calva Bond Ten Centimos Against the Municipal Cash Office) |
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L'Espluga Calba is a small municipality in the Garrigues comarca of Lleida, and like hundreds of Catalan towns during the Civil War, it issued its own fractional emergency currency in 1937 after the collapse of small-coin supply — a direct consequence of hoarding and the Republican government's inability to distribute adequate coinage to rural areas. These local issues, collectively catalogued under the Turró reference system, were authorized under the Generalitat de Catalunya's framework but produced entirely at the municipal level, meaning quality, design, and paper stock varied wildly from town to town.
Turró 952 is among the more obscure entries in the series. L'Espluga Calba had a wartime population small enough that original print runs were likely modest, and survival rates for these paper fractionals are generally low — most circulated hard in a short window and were discarded once the crisis passed.