10 Centavos Casa da Moeda

Portugal's Casa da Moeda — ordinarily the national mint — stepped into banknote production during the severe coin shortage that gripped the country from 1917 onward. Bronze and copper had been diverted to the war effort, leaving small-denomination circulation nearly paralyzed. These emergency cédulas filled the gap left by vanishing fractional coinage, and the issuing authority being the mint itself rather than the Banco de Portugal is the anomaly worth noting.

The 75 × 58 mm format was dictated by paper economy, not convention. Survivors with intact edges are harder to find than the print run would suggest — wartime paper quality was poor, and these circulated hard.