10 Centavos

Calape is a municipality on Bohol island in the central Philippines. Like dozens of other local government units during the Japanese occupation, it issued its own emergency currency after the Philippine Commonwealth peso became effectively unusable in occupied zones. These hyperlocal notes — backed by nothing more than local authority and necessity — were produced under improvised conditions, often on whatever paper was available, which makes condition highly variable across the surviving population.

Bohol's guerrilla resistance was among the most organized in the archipelago, and local scrip issues like this one served a practical dual purpose: maintaining commerce and implicitly refusing Japanese military peso authority.