10 Centavos

The Mindanao Emergency Currency Board was one of several guerrilla currency authorities operating in the southern Philippines during the Japanese occupation. These boards issued notes to sustain local economies behind enemy lines — giving civilians and resistance-aligned traders something to use that was explicitly not Japanese Military Pesos, which the population widely distrusted and, where possible, refused.

Three signatures on a 10 centavos note is unusual. The dual-member countersignature arrangement reflected the board's quasi-governmental structure, designed to project legitimacy under circumstances where there was no functioning central authority to back it.

Survival rates for Mindanao emergency issues are uneven — some denominations were printed in very limited runs on whatever paper was available locally, and humidity damage is common.