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1 Zecchino - Gregorio Carafa

Issuer Order of Malta (Order of St. John)
Year 1680-1690
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Diameter 21 mm
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Obverse description Standing figure of St. John the Baptist at left, nimbed and robed, facing right, holding a long patriarchal cross staff in his right hand; to his right, the Grand Master Gregorio Carafa kneels in supplication, wearing armour and a ducal mantle, his hands raised in prayer. The two figures flank the central staff in a devotional composition closely derived from the Venetian zecchino tradition. A circular Latin legend surrounds the scene, reading F·D·GREG·CARAFA S·IO·BAPTISTA, distributed around the inner border of the coin.
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Reverse script Latin
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Additional information

Gregorio Carafa held the Grand Mastership from 1680 to 1690, a decade dominated by the Order's naval campaigns against Ottoman shipping in the eastern Mediterranean. The Zecchino — Malta's gold coinage closely modeled on the Venetian ducat in fineness and weight — served the Order's international commercial and diplomatic transactions, where the near-pure gold standard was non-negotiable for credibility among Levantine and European trading partners alike.

Carafa's tenure coincided with the aftermath of the Great Siege's long shadow and the Order's aggressive privateering operations. Mintages under individual Grand Masters were typically modest, and ten-year issues like this one were struck in relatively small runs across the decade rather than in a single campaign.

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