1 Złoty

Issued during the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, this note belongs to Poland's first indigenous paper money issue — produced under genuine military and political emergency after the Second Partition had stripped the country of roughly half its territory. The Treasury notes were authorized in August 1794 as the insurrection's finances collapsed and metallic coin grew impossible to guarantee. They circulated alongside the better-known bilet skarbowy series but at this lower denomination were intended for everyday transactional use in a wartime economy.

The manuscript signature serves as the sole security measure — a stark indicator of how quickly and under what conditions these were produced. The uprising was crushed by November 1794, and Poland ceased to exist as a sovereign entity the following year.