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1 Złoty
| Issuer | Polish Treasury (Insurrection of Kościuszko) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1794 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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| Obverse description | Printed entirely in letterpress within a simple rectangular decorative border composed of chain-link ornamental rules and floral corner embellishments, the note centres the bold calligraphic legend "Bilet Skarbowy" as its principal title. Below, the denomination is expressed in cursive script as "Na Jeden Złoty Polski," accompanied by the security clause "Zabezpieczony na Dobrach Narod."; the authorizing decree date "Uchwała 13. Augst. 1794" is inscribed at the top. At the foot, a boxed numeral "Zł. 1" and the text "Jeden Złoty" complete the typographic layout in a restrained, utilitarian Enlightenment-era design. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse is printed on plain, unadorned paper devoid of any typographic or decorative design elements, carrying only a manuscript authorizing signature in cursive script positioned centrally, which served as the note's principal authentication mark. |
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Issued during the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, this note belongs to Poland's first indigenous paper money issue — produced under genuine military and political emergency after the Second Partition had stripped the country of roughly half its territory. The Treasury notes were authorized in August 1794 as the insurrection's finances collapsed and metallic coin grew impossible to guarantee. They circulated alongside the better-known bilet skarbowy series but at this lower denomination were intended for everyday transactional use in a wartime economy.
The manuscript signature serves as the sole security measure — a stark indicator of how quickly and under what conditions these were produced. The uprising was crushed by November 1794, and Poland ceased to exist as a sovereign entity the following year.