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1 Yuan / 1 Dollar Provincial Constitution
| Issuer | Hunan Province |
|---|---|
| Year | 1922 |
| Type | Commemorative circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Central field features three horizontal bars representing the character for 'three' (三), stylized as the denomination indicator, enclosed within a wreath of two symmetrical olive or grain branches tied at the base with a ribbon bow. The wreath and central device are surrounded by a beaded inner circle. Chinese characters reading '湖南省憲法成立紀念' (Commemorating the Establishment of the Hunan Provincial Constitution) are arranged along the upper and outer periphery. The denomination '壹圓' (One Yuan) appears on each side, and the date inscription '中華民國十一年一月一日' (January 1, Year 11 of the Republic of China) runs along the lower arc within the beaded circle. |
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| Reverse lettering | 念紀立成憲省南湖 壹 壹 圓 圓 日一月一年一十國民華中 (Translation: Commemorative of the Constitution of Hunan Province 1 Yuan / 1 Yuan January 1, Year 11 of the Republic of China) |
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| Additional information |
Hunan province issued this dollar in 1922 to mark the promulgation of its provincial constitution — one of the most ambitious experiments in Chinese federalism during the warlord period. Hunan's constitution, adopted in January 1922, was the first in China drafted by a popularly elected assembly, granting the province a degree of self-governance that Beijing never formally recognized. The coin's production was timed explicitly to commemorate that political achievement.
The constitutional government it celebrated collapsed within months under military pressure from Zhao Heng-ti, making surviving examples documents of an extraordinarily short-lived institutional moment.