1 Witten - Edzard II and John

Edzard II and his brother John ruled East Frisia jointly from 1561, an arrangement born of dynastic compromise rather than genuine partnership — their co-regency was punctuated by persistent factional tension and John's eventual subordination in practical governance. The Witten, a small billon denomination with roots in Low German monetary tradition, persisted in East Frisian circulation well into the latter sixteenth century largely because the county lacked the mint output capacity to retire older denominational habits.

Kappelhoff's classification of this type as #210 distinguishes it within a series where die variety attribution is complicated by the irregular output of the Emden mint across this period.