1 Weißpfennig - William II

William II ruled Jülich from 1361 until his death in 1393, a period during which the duchy was aggressively expanding its territorial influence through marriage alliances and military pressure against its Rhenish neighbors. The Weißpfennig — literally "white penny," named for the pale appearance of lightly silvered or high-silver billon coinage — was the dominant small denomination circulating across the lower Rhine region throughout the second half of the fourteenth century. Jülich's issues competed directly with those of Cologne, Aachen, and Geldern in a fragmented monetary environment where local lords jealously guarded minting rights as a revenue source.

Noss JMA#118 places this type within a well-documented sequence, though attribution of specific strikes to individual years within the 32-year span remains difficult without die study.