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Tin coinage of this type circulated across the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra during a period when regional trade networks were dominated by intermediary polities operating between the major empires of India and China. The Srivijayan sphere, though declining by the eleventh century, had already entrenched tin as the preferred low-denomination exchange medium precisely because the region sat atop some of the world's most productive tin deposits — a geological accident that shaped monetary practice for centuries.