1 Uncia Heavy type

Tuder — modern Todi, in Umbria — was among the handful of central Italian communities that issued their own heavy bronze coinage before Roman monetary dominance rendered local production redundant. This piece belongs to the heavier early phase of the series, before progressive weight reductions brought Umbrian issues into rough alignment with the Roman uncial standard. The reference spread across ICC, HN Italy, and Haeberlin reflects how long scholars argued over the attribution of these Umbrian bronzes, with Tuder's issues only firmly separated from neighboring series in relatively recent scholarship.