1 Turnose 'Groschen Tournois' - William II

William II of Jülich — elevated to Duke in 1356 as part of the Golden Bull's broader reshuffling of imperial titles — issued this Tournois imitation during a period when the Rhineland was flooded with such copies. The gros tournois, originally a French royal coin, had become the dominant trade denomination across the Low Countries and western Germany by the mid-fourteenth century, and dozens of territorial lords struck their own versions, some closely faithful to the French prototype, others increasingly divergent. Noss catalogued numerous die varieties for this type, reflecting sustained and substantial output across William's long tenure.