1 Triens Octopus series

The Octopus series belongs to a group of heavy aes grave issues attributed to uncertain Central Italian mints — possibly in Umbria or Picenum — that remain genuinely unresolved despite over a century of scholarship. Haeberlin's foundational study placed these among the heaviest surviving cast bronzes, and the triens specifically adheres to the archaic libral or near-libral standard, which had already become obsolete in Rome by the mid-third century.

That weight retention is itself diagnostic. Whoever struck this series was either isolated from Roman monetary reform or deliberately resisting it.