1 Tremissis With line above, S to the left

Lucca was among the most active gold-minting centers in Lombard Italy, operating its mint with unusual continuity through the eighth century even as Byzantine and Frankish monetary influence competed for dominance across the peninsula. This tremissis type — distinguished by the line above and the S to the left — represents one of several die variants catalogued within what is effectively an anonymous civic coinage, struck in the name of no king and no emperor, an administrative arrangement that sets Luccan output apart from contemporary Lombard royal issues.