1 Tremissis In the name of Heraclius, Line bust, regular

The Lombard kingdoms never struck coinage in their own name during the seventh century — they lacked both the administrative machinery and, arguably, the political confidence to do so. Issuing tremisses under the name of the reigning Byzantine emperor was a practical fiction that kept trade functioning and avoided direct confrontation with Constantinople's monetary authority. Tuscany came under Lombard control piecemeal after the invasion of 568, and the duchy centered on Lucca became one of the few regions where gold production continued with any regularity.

The attribution to MIB III#125 places this within Hahn's careful segregation of Italian pseudo-imperial issues from genuine Byzantine output — a distinction that took scholarship most of the twentieth century to systematize.