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| Issuer | Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Principality of |
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| Year | 1599 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Complex heraldic composition featuring a total of twelve shields of arms: three small escutcheons arranged in a triangular cluster at center (two above, one below), surrounded by nine additional small shields of arms distributed around the periphery of the field. The full titles of Heinrich Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, appear in the circumferential legend, interrupted by the date split as 15-99. The arrangement reflects the multiple territorial claims and dynastic holdings of the issuer in a dense, characteristic late-Renaissance heraldic style. |
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| Obverse lettering | •HENRICUS JULIUS•D•GPE•HA•D•B•E•T•L•15•99.P•P•C |
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| Additional information |
Henry Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was an unusual figure among German princes — trained theologian, playwright, and one of the earliest patrons of professional theatre in the German-speaking world. The "Wespentaler" nickname derives from the wasps appearing on the coin, a direct reference to his bitter feud with the city of Brunswick, which had resisted ducal authority for decades. The wasps were not subtle: they were a public declaration of intent, minted in silver and circulated as political messaging.
The dispute with Brunswick dragged on until imperial intervention in 1606, when the city was finally subordinated to ducal control.