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1 Thaler - Rudolf II

Issuer Upper Alsace, Landgraviate of
Year 1609-1613
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Value 1 Thaler
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Obverse description Armored bust of Emperor Rudolf II facing right, wearing a ruffled collar and featuring a prominent lion-head pauldron on the shoulder (reduced in size on the 1610 issue). The date appears in the field before the bust. The Latin legend is divided across the coin, reading around the portrait, with the inscription interrupted at the front of the effigy. The engraving reflects the elaborate late Renaissance imperial portraiture typical of Habsburg coinage of the period.
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Reverse description Crowned complex coat of arms displaying the manifold quartered Habsburg dynastic shield with the central escutcheon of Upper Alsace. The arms are encircled by the collar and chain of the Order of the Golden Fleece, with a notably small pendant fleece at the base. The heraldic composition is executed in the intricate style characteristic of late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century imperial Austrian coinage, with the crown surmounting the full achievement of arms.
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Additional information

Rudolf II's grip on the Habsburg hereditary lands was visibly loosening by 1609 — the same year his brother Matthias forced him to cede Austria, Hungary, and Moravia through the Agreement of Vienna. Upper Alsace was among the few territories where Rudolf retained nominal authority, and these thalers were struck partly to assert that presence. The wide date range and multiple Klement reference numbers reflect successive die iterations rather than continuous minting, a pattern consistent with the political turbulence of Rudolf's final years before his abdication in 1611.

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