1 Thaler - John Philip I, Frederick VIII, John William IV, and Frederick William II

Historical Context: This 1 Thaler, issued 1605-1612, originates from the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, a new Ernestine Wettin territory within the Holy Roman Empire. It represents the joint rule of four brothers: John Philip I, Frederick VIII, John William IV, and Frederick William II, who inherited the duchy after the 1603 division of Saxe-Weimar. This coinage asserts the new duchy's sovereign economic authority, reflecting a period of stability just prior to the Thirty Years' War.

Artistry: The design is characteristic of early 17th-century German coinage, blending late Renaissance precision with nascent Baroque grandeur. While no specific engraver is documented, the stylistic school emphasizes detailed portraiture and complex heraldry. The obverse typically features the busts of the four co-ruling brothers, conveying shared authority. The reverse displays an elaborate ducal coat of arms, replete with multiple quarterings representing Wettin territories, surrounded by Latin inscriptions detailing rulers' titles and denomination.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver at 28.4 grams, this Thaler exhibits typical manufacturing characteristics for its era. Key high-points for grading include the hair and facial features of the obverse portraits, and the crowns, intricate details within the quartered shields, and the mantling of the reverse ducal arms. Due to the large flan and variable striking pressure, full strike can be elusive, with peripheral legends or finer details sometimes appearing weak. Planchet quality may also vary, occasionally presenting minor irregularities.